Table 1 Synthetic table of the determined volcanic facies and lithotypes in the Vudelja Quarry with their petrographical and mineralogical characteristics

(I) Autoclastic effusive facies (AF)

Basalt breccia with carbonate epiclasts

Chaotic

Very poorly sorted; Matrix supported; Very coarse clasts dominate, irregular, elongated, subrounded to blocky

Coarse ash to block size

(a)Porphyre/glomeroporphyre amygdaloid basalts with plagioclase phenocrystals; (b)aphyric amygdaloid basalts; (c)porphyritic olivine basalts with plagioclase glomeroporphyric clusters; (d)basalts with crystalized matrix composed of needle like plagioclase, pyroxene, chlorite, and epidote

idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic pyroxene; idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic plagoclase

–

Micritic limestone with pelagic fossils, intraclast packstone skeletal grainstone, dolostromatolite; Limestone contin shallow marine fossils

Hyaline with flow texture, curvature around the clasts and alignment of fine needle-like plagioclase microliths

Plagioclase altered to calcite, prehnite, clay minerals, sericite; Pyroxene altered to chlorite and opaque minerals; Olivine altered to fibrous serpentine aggregates

Mafic

(II) Resedimented autoclastic facies (RAF)

Lapilli-sized basalt breccia with epiclasts

Rare normal grading; sometimes interlayered with coarse-sized ash lithoclastic tuff

Poorly sorted; Matrix to clast supported; Coarse clasts, irregular, subrounded to rounded

Coarse ash to lapilli size

Basaltic lithoclats as above; Fine ash vitroclastic tuff

Idiomorphic to irregular plagioclase; very small needle-like pyroxene

Scoria fragments

Micritic limestone with pelagic fossils

Dark brown/green sedimentary type matrix of very fine hyaline clasts, crystalloclasts and scoria fragments prevailing over chlorite/calcite cement

Plagioclase altered to calcite and prehnite; Pyroxene altered to chlorite and opaque mineral aggregates

Mafic

Coarse-sized ash lithoclastic tuff

Common normal grading; sometimes interlayered with lapilli-sized basaltic breccia with epiclasts

Well sorted; Clast supported; subrounded to rounded

Coarse ash size

Basaltic lithoclasts as above; composition of clasts not recognizable due to their relatively small size

Idiomorphic to allotriomorphic plagioclase with lamellar texture, when fragmented jig-saw fit texture; idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic K-feldspar; fragmented quartz

Pumice fragments

Micritic limestone with pelagic fossils and biosparite/biomicrite limestone

Very fine-grained dark matrix and calcite cement

Plagioclase altered to calcite, prehnite and opaque mineral aggregates; K-feldspar to clay minerals and fine-grained mica; Pumice fragments devitrified to chlorite and microcrystalline quartz

(III) Secondary pyroclastic facies (SPF)

Coarse-sized ash crystalloclastic tuff

Strong imbrication of elongated clasts

Moderately sorted; Flow banded pumice around the crystalloclasts

Coarse ash to lapilli size

Basaltic lithoclasts of serrated shape

idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic zonal plagioclase

Pumice fragments; glass shards

–

Volcanic glass devitrified to chlorite

Plagioclase altered to prehnite and calcite; Pumice fragments to chlorite

Intermediate/Felsic

Fine ash crystalloclastic tuff

Horizontal to wavy lamination; interlayered with the following unit

Very well sorted

Fine-sized ash

Basaltic lithoclasts

Irregularly shaped quartz; idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic K-feldspar and plagioclase

Fine glass shards

–

Calcite cement or very fine dark matrix

K-feldspar and plagioclase altered to clay minerals, fine-grained mica, prehnite and calcite aggregates

Felsic

Fine ash vitroclastic tuff

Horizontal to wavy lamination; interlayered with the former unit

Very well sorted

Very fine- to fine-sized ash

–

–

Very fine glass shards

–

Very fine dark matrix

Glass shards devitrified to chlorite