Fig. 13

Schematic cross-section through a shallow carbonate platform structured by block faulting (a). Carbonate particles (ooids, bioclasts) are produced in situ but may be reworked and transported by tidal currents and storms. Terrigenous input is controlled by climate and tectonics in the hinterland, and by eustatic sea level. Relative sea-level changes (eustasy and subsidence combined) modify water depth and current patterns. Sediment production and accumulation may vary significantly across the platform. Falling relative sea level (b) leads to emergence of shoals and peritidal areas, and creates restricted and low-energy lagoons. Rising relative sea level (c) reworks material of the previously exposed land and puts deeper areas below wave base