Fig. 6

Boundaries of sedimentation units and stylolitic contacts between varying facies types. a Alternation of silty, clayey micrite (Si) with fine-grained bioclastic packstone (B), and recrystallized pelsparite (Pel). The form of the sedimentation units depicted, indicates lateral pinch out within a low energy environment. b In a clay-rich mudstone-wackestone (CM) with minor amounts of small gastropods (G; up to 3 mm in size) marked differential compaction occurs. Around the gastropod (dissolved and cemented by granular calcite) the clay-rich sediment was compacted within a lateral distance of about 2 cm to half of the original thickness, which corresponds to the height of the gastropod. Within the compacted mudstone tiny, brownish dedolomite rhombohedra occur (arrows). A peloidal lens is characterized by clay flasers (F). The uppermost whitish micrite (WM) reveals just traces of completely recrystallized microfossils. c Different facies types can be separated by marked stylolitic boundaries even within one limestone bed. Locally relics of mudstone (M), calcareous claystone (C), and relics of echinoid-packstones (EP) can be recognized. They are overlain by echinoid-ooid-packstone (EOP). d Ooid bearing lithoclast peloid packstone overlain by an oolitic grainstone. The boundary is marked by an undulating stylolitic contact (arrows). Particles, which are relatively more stable against pressure solution act as spikes invading the over- or underlying rock. Ooids with well-preserved tangential textures are interpreted as primary Mg-calcite ooids. Ooids in the overlying grainstone were bimineralic ooids with Mg-calcite cores and aragonitic outer cortices. e Different limestone types (M mudstone, BM biogenic bearing mudstone, BP biogenic packstones, Si silty marls, SiC silty claystone, E echinoid fragment) are separated by stylolitic clay-rich accumulations of 0.01–1 mm thickness. The matrix rock is a slightly silty wackestone–packstone (P) nearly completely composed of very fine debris of fossils and carbonate crystals (10–100 μm). f At least two different generations of fractures occur, interrupted by marked stylolites. The first generation of fractures (depicted here), which is dislocated by stylolites, was formed before stylolitization. The fractures are up to 50 μm wide and are filled by coarse granular calcite