Fig. 1

Examples of fold models and their expected growth-strata geometry. Case 1 describes geometries when the uplift rate is greater than the sedimentary rate (which causes all fold types to emerge at the surface), case 2 is obtained when the sedimentation rate is greater than tectonic uplift, and the fold does not emerge from the basin (the case treated here using modelling software developed from the work of Rafini and Mercier 2002). Models a and a′ fault-bend fold, models b and b′ fault-propagation fold and models c and c′ detachment fold