Fig. 3
From: Evolutionary history of hoofed mammals during the Oligocene–Miocene transition in Western Europe
Temporal ranges of ungulate genera from MP25 (Arvernian) to MN4 (Orleanian) and evolution of the diversity trends (faunal balance, genus/species richness, origination/extinction curves, survivorship poly-cohort [%]) through time. a Bunodont cetartiodactyls; b Selenodont cetartiodactyls; c Perissodactyls (data from Online Resources 1–2). ELMA is for European Land Mammal Ages, and the dashed lines in the Mammal L/Z (Level/Zone) column correspond to the supposed boundaries delimiting the ranges of the Oligocene localities referred to a given European Mammalian Reference Level (according to Luterbacher et al. 2004). The bold dashed lines of the temporal ranges illustrate supposed/uncertain occurrences of a genus. The FAD and LAD of each genus are precised when not comprised in the time spanned (before MP25 or after MN4)