Fig. 8

The variation of global marine oxygen isotope during the last 3 Ma (modified after Lisiecki and Raymo 2005) plotted against the present knowledge on Deckenschotter chronology. HDS (this study) is shown between the upper limit of Neogene Mammal Zone 17 (after Bolliger et al. 1996) and 1,020\(_{ - 120}^{ + 80}\) Ma (exposure age from the base of HDS) and it does not indicate continuous sedimentation. Tentative timings of HDS and TDS are drawn after Kuhlemann and Rahn (2013). The Mid-Pleistocene Revolution and the beginning of the transition between 41 and 100 ka cycles are indicated at 0.95 Ma (Maslin and Ridgwell 2005). The Neogene–Quaternary boundary is after Gibbard et al. (2010)