Swiss Journal of Geosciences

Table 1 Approximate initial pore-water concentrations and direction of chemical gradients

From: 5-year chemico-physical evolution of concrete–claystone interfaces, Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland)

Material	Age range	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	SO₄ ²⁻	Cl⁻	CO₃ ²⁻	OH⁻
OPC	0.04–1310	24–2.9	<	26–90	137–209	66–4.5	<	~0.05	>200
ESDRED	0.04–1310	9.2-29	0–0.005	100–22	186–11	2–1.8	<	~0.05	180–7*
Gradient
OPA		12.7	14.3	204	2.3	11.8	237	~0.4	~10⁻⁷

Concentrations in mmol/l; age range in days; < indicates below detection; first arrow (or pair) indicates direction of gradient at early time, second arrow at later times; long arrow is for ESDRED, short arrow for OPC
^aFormate is also significant as anionic charge carrier

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