Table 2 Examples of dolomitization reported throughout the Phanerozoic
From: Dolomitization of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks in the Geneva Basin, Switzerland and France
References | Geological age | Locality | Formation | Type(s) and characteristics of dolomite(s) | Model(s)/origin(s) of dolomitization |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moore et al. (1988) | Late Jurassic | NW Golf of Mexico | Smackover | 1. Fine—pervasive—early 2. Coarse—replacive—cloudy cores and clear rims 3. Euhedral—pore filling | Evaporative reflux-meteoric water mixing model or recrystallization model by reflux in a meteoric water system. No unique conclusive scenario |
Nader et al. (2007) | Late Jurassic | Central Lebanon | Bikfaya | 1. Coarse (< 200 µm)- planar anhedral to subhedral 2. Very coarse (> 400 µm)—planar anhedral to euhedral—sometimes cloudy cores and clear rims 3. Coarse to very coarse (200 to 400 µm)—planar subhedral to euhedral 4. Fine to very coarse (50 to 600 µm)—planar subhedral to euhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims | 1. Synsedimentary microbial dolomitization 2. Fault controlled hydrothermal dolomitization 3. Near surface mixing/meteoric dolomite dissolution 4. Deep burial dolomitization |
Goldberg (1967) | Late Jurassic | Negeve, Southern Israel | HaMakhtesh HaQatan | Anhedral to hypidiotopic and idiotopic | Supratidal dolomitization, reflux of hypersaline water De-dolomitization related to subaerial exposure |
Adabi (2009) | Late Jurassic | Kopet-Dagh Basin, N.E. Iran | Mozduran | 1. Fine (~ 40 µm)—subhedral 2. Medium (~ 140 µm)—euhedral—replacive—cloudy core and clear rims 3. Medium (220 µm)—subhedral to anhedral—destructive 4. Coarse (~ 500 µm)—anhedral 5. coarse—planar-C, often euhedral crystals—void filling cement | 1. Replacement dolomite in supratidal to upper intertidal setting, near surface by seawater interactions 2. Shallow burial dolomite from dissolution of HMC 3. Shallow to intermediate burial 4. and 5. Deeper and maximum burial diagenesis |
Wierzbicki et al. (2006) | Late Jurassic | Nova Scotia, Canada | Abenaki pf, Deep Panuke reservoir | Fine to medium—anhedral to subhedral—clear or cloudy cores and clear rims saddle—void-filling cement and replacive | Hydrothermal dolomitization during deep burial Hydrothermal dedolomitization |
Barale et al. (2013) | Middle-Late Jurassic | Maritime Alps, Italy | Provençal and Subbriançonnais Units | 1. Fine to medium—anhedral to subhedral—replacive 2. Coarse to very coarse—saddle—replacive—void filling cement | Several dolomitization pulses from hydrothermal fluids separated by hydrofractured processes |
Bajestani et al. (2016) | Middle-Late Jurassic | Central Iran | Qal’eh Dokthar | 1. Fine (30 µm)—subhedral—replacive 2. Medium (150 µm)—subhedral—cloudy cores 3. Medium (150 µm)—euhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims 4. Coarse (600 µm) subhedral—fabric destructive—cloudy cores and clear rims 5. Coarse (700 µm)—euhedral—fabric destructive 6. Coarse—void filling cement | 1. Low temperature early dolomitization from seawater 2. and 3. Shallow burial dolomitization 4. and 5. Deep and maximal burial diagenesis, Mg source is diagenesis of clay and compaction of mudstone |
Buchbinder et al. (1984) | Middle-Late Jurassic | Ashgod-Gan Yavne, Israel | Zohar and Shderot Formations | 1. Large—anhedral—replacive 2. Fine to very coarse—euhedral to subhedral—replacive 3. Fine to medium—subhedral—replacive or cement | Dolomitization by a meteoric dominated fluid in a mixing zone or freshwater phreatic environment |