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Table 3 Examples of dolomitization reported throughout the Phanerozoic

From: Dolomitization of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks in the Geneva Basin, Switzerland and France

Authors

Geological age

Locality

Formation

Type(s) and characteristics of dolomite(s)

Model(s)/origin(s) of dolomitization

Brigaud et al. (2009a)

Middle Jurassic

Paris Basin, France

Oolite miliaire inférieure, Calcaires à Polypiers

1. Medium—euhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims

2. Coarse—anhedral

1. Dewatering during compaction of clay-rich formations and expulsion of Mg2. Hydrothermal dolomitization by per-ascensum fluids from Triassic formations

Railsback and Hood (2001)

Early-Middle Jurassic

Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Ziz Valley

1. Clear or cloudy rhombs—void filling cement

2. Sub-euhedral to euhedral—cloudy cores—replacive—calcitized

3. Anhedral—clear cores

replacive

calcitized

Marine-meteoric mixing zone

Influx of Mg-poor meteoric waters causing calcitization of dolomite

Qing et al. (2001)

Early Jurassic

Gibraltar

Gibraltar Limestone Formation

1. Fine (~ 50 µm)—subhedral to anhedral

2. Medium (~ 150 µm)—subhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims

Replacement dolomitization induced by penesaline seawater that refluxed during high- and low-frequency sea-level changes

Haas et al. (2014)

Late Triassic

Hungary

Transdanubian Range

1. Fine to medium—porphyrotopic—cloudy cores and clear rims

2. Fine—anhedral to subhedral—cloudy cores

3. Medium—euhedral to subhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims

4. Coarse—xenotopic—void filling

1. Synsedimentary microbial dolomitization

2. Early shallow burial dolomitization

3. Burial pervasive dolomitization

4. Saddle dolomite precipitation in fractures

5. dedolomitization after uplift and near-surface exposition

Beckert et al. (2015)

Early Permian

Central Oman

Saiq

1. Fine—subhedral

2. Fine to medium—subhedral—idiotopic to hypidiotopic—replacive

3. Medium to coarse—xenotopic—void filling

1. Seepage reflux of hypersaline fluids near surface to shallow burial dolomitization

2. Burial dolomitization with or without hydrothermal fluids

3. Dedolomitization by meteoric fluids

Gasparrini et al. (2006)

Late Carboniferous

Variscan Cantabrian, Spain

Bodon Unit

1. Medium—anhedral—replacive—fabric destructive

2. Coarse—xenotopic—void filling

Burial, convective flow dolomitization by hydrothermal and hypersaline brines, possibly marine-derived

Gawthorpe (1987)

Early Carboniferous

Bowland Basin, N. England

Pendleside Limestone

1. Medium—anhedral to subhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims—replacive

2. Medium to coarse—subhedral, euhedral to anhedral—idiotopic to xenotopic—replacive

3. Fine—anhedral to subhedral—replacive—pore filling

4. Medium to coarse—subhedral to euhedral—cloudy cores and clear rims

5. Coarse—anhedral—replacive

6. Coarse—anhedral hypidiotopic to xenotopic—replacive and pore filling

Fault-related fracturing dolomitization from fluids saturated in Fe and Mg as a results of clay minerals transformations together with maturation of organic matter

Guo et al. (2016)

Early Ordovician–Late Cambrian

Tarim Basin, China

Lower Qiulit, Penglaiba, Yingshan

1. Fine—anhedral to subhedral

2. Fine to medium—euhedral to subhedral—cloudy cores and clear rim

3. Fine to coarse—anhedral—poikilotopic—fabric destructive—cloudy with rare clear rims

4. Fine to medium—euhedral to subhedral—cloudy core and clear rim

5. Coarse—xenotopic

1. Penecontemporaneous to near-surface dolomitization at low temperatures mediated by microbes, precipitated from slightly modified brines

2. Shallow burial dolomitization by seawater in association with burial dissolution

3. Recrystallization or neomorphism upon previous dolomite

4. and 5. Hydrothermal dolomitization from per-ascencum migrating fluids along fracture/fault conduits

  1. The selected cases, based on relevance for the present study, range from the Lower Ordovician to Middle Jurassic, along with dolomite types reported, the model of dolomitization and the locality. We refer to appendix 1 of Choquette and Hiatt (2008) for an extended database