Fig. 3

Estimates of the Alpine elevation since Oligocene. Black line refers to the basis used for this study, with the Alps having a more or less steady elevation since Miocene. Mean hypsometric elevations from Campani et al. (2012), mean maximum elevation for Dielforder (2017) and paleo-altimetry estimate of Schlunegger and Kissling (2015). All estimates have large uncertainties but indicate steady mean elevation since the Miocene