Fig. 4

Estimates of accumulated uplift from Late Messinian until present. a Thermochron-based model of Fox et al. (2016), note that the data quality is strongly variable, we only show the best resolved areas. b Sediment budget based model of Kuhlemann (2007). a and b use the same colour code for comparison. The thermochron based exhumation is larger than the estimations based on sediment budgets. c Present day rock uplift rates (Sternai et al. 2019). d Post-Messinian subsidence in the Po Plain inferred by interpretation of seismic reflection data shown in brown (Bigi et al. 1992), the black line indicates zero vertical motion since Messinian. The stars mark the locations of the cross sections in Fig. 2