Fig. 15

Map of Gondwana in the period of 550–500 Ma with indicated Paleozoic orogenic sutures, along which material (mainly detritus) was accreted and recycled by the cratonization of subduction–accretion complexes (see Table 4). The Cenerian (490–440 Ma) and Lachlan (430–370 Ma) orogenies occurred later and are therefore in brackets. The Strona-Ceneri Zone is part of the Alpine Basement (AB). The Fusht Complex in southern Oman (790 Ma) belongs to an older Pan-African arc system (drawn after Kröner and Stern 2004; Schmitt et al. 2004; Linnemann 2007; Fernández et al. 2008; Foster and Gray 2008; Schwartz et al. 2008; Ustaömer et al. 2009; Torsvik and Cocks 2011; Koralay et al. 2012; Foster and Goscombe 2013; Lin et al. 2013; Hu et al. 2015; Santosh et al. 2014; Rossetti et al. 2015; Shafaii Moghadam et al. 2015; Villaseca et al. 2016; Avigad et al. 2017; Li et al. 2017; and Zurbriggen 2017. Pre-Variscan basements of the Alps, including the Strona-Ceneri Zone (SCZ), were located according to Von Raumer et al. 2015)