Period | Epoch | Stage | Rock types | Lithostratigraphic notations | lithostratigraphy (this study) | lithotypes (this study) | abbreviation of lithotypes (see Fig. 4) | FCC’s geological hazards (this study) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Absent | Absent | Topsoil | Topsoil | Topsoil | ||
Pleistocene | Late | Silty-Clayey Gravel, Conglomerate | Glaciogenic deposits, LGM moraines | Post-glacial sediments, LGM moraines | Clayey to (sometimes) sandy gravel mixtures, clast with grey-beige plastic consistency | A3 | Active faults | |
Cemented & unconsolidated, interglacial sediments | dark grey, clayey mud- and wackestone with pollen traces | A2 | Water-bearing aquifers | |||||
Middle | Pre-glacial sediments | Mixture of fine sand and sandstone embedded in clayey matrix | A1 | Water-bearing aquifers | ||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Serravalian | Conglomerate | Upper Freshwater Molasse (UFM) | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Langhian | Sandstone, marl | Upper Marine Molasse (UMM) | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | ||
Burdigalian | Sandstone | Absent | Absent | Absent | Swelling clays, anhydrite (AG), hydrocarbons (HC), active faults | |||
Aquitanian | Molasse Grise | Lower Freshwater Molasse (LFM), (Molasse Rouge*, Grès et Marnes Gris à gypse*) | Absent | Absent | Absent | Swelling clays, anhydrite (AG), hydrocarbons (HC), active faults | ||
Chattian | Grès et Marnes Gris à gypse, Molasse Rouge (upper and lower succession) | Grès et Marnes Gris à gypse, Molasse Rouge as part of LFM | Upper succession: sandstone with intercalations of marly siltstone lower succession: clayey limestone, breccia, sandstone, alternating thin beds of very fine to fine sandstone, laminated clayey siltstone Anhydrite/gypsum layers Hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone. Limestone | S1, S2, S3, S4, S5; M1, M2, M3, M4, M5; AG; HC; L | Swelling clays, anhydrite (AG), hydrocarbons (HC), active faults | |||
Rupelian | Sandstone, conglomerate | Lower Marine Molasse (LMM) | Conglomerate(?), part of Siderolithic(?) | C1, C2 | Swelling clays, anhydrite (AG), hydrocarbons (HC), active faults | |||
Eocene | Sandstone | Siderolithic | Siderolithic | Conglomerate with quartz and limestone in clayey cement | C1, C2, S6, G1 | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | ||
Transition zone (Perte-du-Rhône Formation?)** | Transition zone | Not stratified, karstic sandstone alternations(?) | KS | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | ||||
Cretaceous | Early | Barremian | Limestone, often marly | Vallorbe Member of the Rocher des Hirondelles Formation and Gorges de l’Orbe Formation (both formerly represented by the Urgonien) | Vallorbe Member of the Rocher des Hirondelles Formation | Massive limestone | ML | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults |
Hauterivian | Marly to silty limestone | Vallorbe Member of the Rocher des Hirondelles Formation and Gorges de l’Orbe Formation (both formerly represented by the Urgonien), Grand Essert Formation (Hauterive Member and Neuchâtel Member) | Vallorbe Member of the Rocher des Hirondelles Formation, Grand Essert Formation (Hauterive Member and Neuchâtel Member) | Marly-sandy limestone, sometimes dolomitic, mud- /wackestone; limestone with siltstone | MSLd, MLs | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | ||
Valanginian | Marl and sandstone alternations with intercalations of limestone | Grand Essert Formation (Hauterive Member), Vuache Formation | Grand Essert Formation (Hauterive Member), Vuache Formation | Marly-sandy limestone, sometimes dolomitic | MSLd | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | ||
Berriasian | Limestone | Goldberg Formation, Chambotte Formation, Pierre-Châtel Formation, Vions Formation, Neuchâtel Member | Goldberg Formation, Chambotte Formation, Pierre-Châtel Formation, Vions Formation, Neuchâtel Member | Massive limestone; marly-sandy limestone, biomicrite and wacke-/packestone | ML, MSL | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | ||
Jurassic | Late | Tithonian | Twannbach Formation | Twannbach Formation | Massive, dolomitic, partly fine-grained limestone; dolomitic limestone, massive dolomite | L, Ld, MD | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | |
Kimmeridgian | Twannbach Formation, Etiollets Formation (Tabalcon sub-unit), Blanc Limestone | Twannbach Formation, Etiollets Formation (Tabalcon sub-unit), Blanc Limestone | Dolomitic, clayey limestone, sometimes massive limestone | DCL, ML | Karst, hydrocarbons, active faults | |||
Oxfordian | Balsthal Formation, Vellerat Formation*** | Balsthal Formation, Vellerat Formation*** | Clayey to marly limestone and marlstone | CML, M1 |