Fig. 4

Lithofacies of layered and nodular sulfates and carbonates shown in 360° core scans. A Crinkly laminated anhydrite with few 'upturned margin' structures (blue arrows). In some intervals ghosts of selenite crystals occur (red arrows). Stadel-3, 1175.21–1175.50 m, «Untere Sulfatzone». B Crinkly laminated dolomite with fenestrae. Marthalen-1, 934.99–935.28 m, «Dolomitzone». C Laminated anhydrite. Some laminae show a wavy to folded appearance, indicating movement towards the direction of the center of the 360° core scan. Some folds show small-scaled thrusts (arrows). Marthalen-1, 972.11–972.39 m, «Untere Anhydritschichten». D Massive anhydrite transitioning upward into graded layers, each with a sharp base. Towards top, the anhydrite appears cloudy. Stadel-2, 1184.19–1184.47 m, «Untere Sulfatzone». E (Marly) Dolomite, in the upper part with weakly visible mudcracks and slightly brecciated (arrow). Above, several graded layers of anhydritic dolomite with anhydrite nodules. In some places the nodules intersect the sharp base of the graded layers, indicating that they formed within the sediment and have not been reworked and re-deposited. Bülach-1-1B, 1270.33–1270.62 m, «Unterer Dolomit» of the Kaiseraugst Formation. F Dolomite with marly layers and several cm deep mudcracks (arrows) indicating episodic desiccation. Stadel-3, 1116.48–1116.77 m, «Übergangsschichten». G Anhydritic selenite ghosts indicated by thin chevron-formed clay selvages. Bülach-1-1B, 1243.30–1243.58 m, «Untere Anhydritschichten». H Anhydrite nodules, 'chicken-wire' mosaic. Marthalen-1, 976.55–976.83 m, «Untere Anhydritschichten». I Argillaceous layer with anhydrite nodules overlying a 'chicken-wire' bed. Towards the top, the layer turns into pure clay. Bülach-1-1B, 1231.69–1231.97 m, «Obere Brekzien». J Heterogeneous sequence of nodular anhydrite, nodules of anhydrite in clay, and nodular anhydrite layers, some of which are enterolithically folded. Some anhydritic sections show evidence of soft sediment deformation. Stadel-3, 1119.40–1119.68 m, «Obere Anhydritschichten». K Intercalation of layered anhydrite, partially showing enterolithic folding, and sequences of clay and (nodular) anhydrite, showing ductile deformation. Despite the irregular to chaotic bedding, a layering is still recognizable. Stadel-2, 1180.56–1180.85 m, «Untere Sulfatzone». L Enterolithic folded anhydrite layers intercalated in argillaceous, dolomitic sediments with truncation horizon in the top of the uppermost white anhydrite layer. The argillaceous and dolomitic layers show brecciation and mudcracks indicating repeated desiccation and periodical flooding. Bülach-1-1B, 1260.45–1260.73 m, «Untere Sulfatzone»